After reviewing the Paris Declaration [1], a kind of proto-Transatlantic Declaration, we are now interested in two Declarations of Unit Atlantic 1954 and 1962. These two documents were intended to strengthen the Organization's North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) in the context of the Cold War. If the existence of an opposition, ie socialist, were a boon for the Atlanta, paradoxically, after the fall of Eastern bloc and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact that links to Euro-Atlantic intensified. These texts must still be known to inform Euro-American relations of our time.
The Declaration of Atlantic Unity, 1954.
In its issue of October 1954, the Federal Union review Inc.. , Freedom & Union , reports the contents of the Declaration of Atlantic Unity ( "Declaration on Atlantic Unity ):
" in order to alert their compatriots and their Governments on the need to strengthen NATO, more than 150 distinguished citizens from eight nations of the Atlantic Pact, adopted a "Declaration of Atlantic Unity". Released on the eve of the meeting of the Atlantic Council Northern mid-October, the Declaration points out that NATO is still "just a military alliance" while it should be a more comprehensive alliance according to its original principles. The declaration urges the leaders of Nato:
1. Expand NATO in an effort to realign the political strategies, commercial and military member nations;
2. Establishing a major program mutual to lower tariff barriers, free cash flows and eliminate trade restrictions with the aim of establishing "a base economically viable for the Atlantic Community and its allies "
3. Through the legislature of each member country set up a committee member of NATO for educational purposes;
4. Creating a Consultative Assembly of the Atlantic represented by legislators of the member nations. It would meet regularly to discuss issues of common interest;
5. Establish an Advisory Economic Committee comprised of employers and employees to inform institutions NATO effects of their policies on the living standards of the countries of the alliance.
The statement ends with a request to "citizens to make these recommendations to our respective governments to ensure that this positive experience but more difficult (NATO) succeed." ".
Freedom & Union concluded by giving a partial list of signatories of the declaration. These are academics, business leaders, politicians, diplomats, financiers, men legislation, etc.. Eminent personalities have signed the Declaration of Atlantic Unity, including:
-American side: Vannemar Bush, president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, William L. Clayton, former Deputy Secretary of State for Economic Affairs and co-founder of the Atlantic Union Committee (AUC), General William Donovan, former chairman of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) officer of the American Committee on United Europe (ACUE), General William H. Draper Jr., former permanent representative of the United States Council North Atlantic; Henry Ford II, chairman of Ford Motor Company , General George Marshall, former Secretary of State, John J. McCloy, chairman of the Chase National Bank , Philip D. Reed, president of General Electric Company, Owen J. Roberts, a former member of the Supreme Court of the United States and founder of the AUC, Elmo Roper, founder of the AUC, Clarence K. Streit, Union Now author and cofounder of the AUC, Harry S. Truman, former President of the United States.
-British side: John Bailes, chairman of the World Council of Churches ; Frank Byers Former Liberal party president; Lionel Curtis, author of Commonwealth of God and Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford, Lord Malcolm Douglas Hamilton, vice president of Union Federal Ltd., Julian S. Huxley, biologist and writer, director general of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Bertrand Russell, mathematician and philosopher.
-Side French: Maurice Allais, Professor of Economics at the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Paris, Michel Debre, Senator ; Giscard d'Estaing, President of the French section of the International Chamber of Commerce; Edouard Herriot, honorary president of the National Assembly, former Prime Minister; Firmin Roz, writer, member of the Institute of France.
Other prominent Canadian, Belgian, Norwegian, Danish and German have signed this document. Many of them reoffend six years later, with the second Declaration of Atlantic Unity.
The Declaration of Atlantic Unity, 1962.
Initialed by 242 NATO leaders November 12, 1962 in Paris, the new Declaration of Atlantic Unity part in an international context than tense. Indeed, a few days ago, the Cuban missile crisis has plunged the world in fear of a third world war of the nuclear type. The disaster was averted, however thanks to a clever and firm Kennedy, Khrushchev and a conciliatory and reasonable. The crisis resulted to persuade Atlanticist strengthen NATO and transatlantic ties. Thus, the second Declaration of Atlantic Unity provides a list of seven steps to create a solid union from NATO.
The 242 signatories come from 14 countries of the Atlantic alliance. Among them, 42 have held positions within their governments, 11 are former prime ministers, 84 are members of their national parliament, including six presidents and speakers. The other signatories are leading publishers, journalists, business leaders, union leaders, university presidents and professors. The signatories of the first Declaration have also played a prominent in the creation of the Parliamentary Conference NATO in 1955, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 1960-61 from the Atlantic Institute for International Affairs and the Atlantic Exploratory Convention in January 1962.
Here is the text of the Second Declaration of Atlantic Unity:
"WE THE UNDERSIGNED CITIZENS Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, Great Britain and the United States, address this APPEAL UNIT ATLANTIC our countrymen and our governments.
We believe: That
individual sovereignty and freedom under the law are the most precious legacies of mankind.
That bastion of human freedom is the Atlantic Community.
What is this bastion facing serious threats.
that only through our unity can we preserve the freedoms we enjoy, and that our example will be followed by all humanity. International Communism believes in unity by force, our goal is a monolithic tyranny and is determined to destroy us. The threat it poses to freedom is not only military but also political, ideological, and economic. This is not just a problem confined to Europe or the West, but a global problem. We must be united so that our policies are useful on all fronts and in all sectors.
For these reasons, we mutually pledge to support one another, such loyal friends who share a common spiritual and cultural heritage [...]. We dedicate our efforts to develop our alliance into a genuine Atlantic Community to ensure the sustainability of these concepts. We urge our governments to undertake without delay the implementation of these measures to establish a true Atlantic Community, whose first five have been unanimously recommended by the Convention of Atlantic nations of NATO in Paris in January 1962.
1. Establish a government commission on the Atlantic Unit will prepare a Charter for Community Atlantic properly organized to meet the challenges of our time.
2. Create a permanent High Council will intervene in cases defined by a weighted majority voting on issues of common interest.
3. Expand Parliamentary Conference of NATO in the framework of a consultative assembly to enable it to review the work of all institutions Atlanticist, and make recommendations.
4. Establish a commercial partnership between the EEC and North America, stand for Atlantic Economic Community, but open to all other nations of the free world.
5. Establish a High Court of Justice of the Atlantic to solve problems that may occur in the treaties.
6. Promote measures to ensure a more effective defense, including developing a Unified Command Atlantic, a common strategy within and outside the Atlantic region, greater standardization and a more rational production of weapons and equipment; contributions to the defense equitably distributed between our respective countries.
7. Support and expand the Atlantic Institute into a intellectual and spiritual center of the Atlantic Community.
Only through this effort of unity and integration that we can provide the scale required, economic assistance, as well as markets for developing countries.
Inspired by the achievements that our nations have done in the past, we can take a glorious destiny by joining forces present. "
The signatories are numerous. Still include the most prestigious names: Americans William L. Clayton, William H. Draper, Henry Ford II, Henry Kissinger, Robert P. Patterson, Elmo Roper, Clarence K. Streit, the British Sir Julian Huxley, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, the French Maurice Allais, Raymond Aron, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, Edmond Michelet, Guy Mollet, Paul Reynaud, Giulio Romano, Jacques Rueff, Maurice Schuman Canadians Lester Pearson and Paul Martin, the Belgian Paul Van Zeeland. (You will find all the names in the second document attached).
Conclusion:
As we mentioned above, if the cold war and the existence of a socialist camp were allowed to create Atlanticist NATO, and to sketch the first outlines of a common intercontinental is Only after the collapse of the Soviet empire that Europe and America have fully embraced the principles of federalism Atlantic. The two statements we have just studied in some ways prepared the ground. Today, facing the threat of "international terrorism" and the emergence of new powers such as China, India Russia or the West - led by the U.S. - is working on a common Euro-American full, without any citizen being informed by the media and the official press. Like the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI), we absolutely must adopt the "strategy of Dracula," which consists in uncovering the existence and content of texts relating to this project since placed in full light, the vampire loses power and dies [2].
Notes:
[1] See our article on the Paris Declaration in January 1962: http://theorie-du-tout.blogspot.com/2010/12/la-declaration-de-paris-janvier-1962-la.html
[2] C. OF BRIE (1998), How the MAI was torn to pieces , Le Monde Diplomatique, March, p. 21.
Bounou Samy.
Attachments:
- Declaration of Atlantic Unity , Freedom & Union, October 1954:
- 242 NATO Leaders Sign Declaration of Atlantic Unity ,
Freedom & Union , January 1963: